Job Satisfaction and Its Determinants in Addis Ababa: Evidence from Public Employees
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.63990/2016ajoldvol1iss1pp1-23Keywords:
Job Satisfaction, Civil Service, Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, ProbitAbstract
For decades, job satisfaction has been an object of interest for many. More recently, public managers find it difficult to disregard the issue of job satisfaction as it directly affects productivity and turnover of the workers. The main purpose of this research is to investigate determinants that influence the job satisfaction and analyze the level of job satisfaction of civil servants in Addis Ababa city administration. To achieve the research objective, information was gathered through questionnaires from 372 randomly selected public servants in five sub-cities (Bole, Arada, Yeka, Gulele, and Kirkos) during summer 2015. In order to analyze job satisfaction, an ordered probit model was utilized. After the analysis, some attention-grabbing findings have come into sight. To begin with, women are more satisfied with their jobs than men. It also shows an inverted U-shaped relationship between age and job satisfaction. The best and least trained are less satisfied relative to intermediately educated. Married are more satisfied than non-married. Moreover, family characteristics found to have no significant effect on job satisfaction of workers; health problems do not significantly affect job satisfaction; and living in rental house have lower job satisfaction than living in own house. With respect to job related characteristics, civil servants who are living in their own house, working in a conducive working environment, believe to have a secured job, commute for short distance, and worked for less than 5 years in present organization report higher level of job satisfaction. What is more, individuals working for Bole sub-city administration as well as those working in land administration sector have higher job satisfaction. Finally, this paper recommends the city administration to improve working environment; facilitate paths to homeownership for civil servants; device a mechanism to make them car owners; improve their earnings; and regularly assess job satisfaction.
References
Addy, S. N., Nzaku, K., & Ijaz, A. (2012). The Role of Underemployment in Employee’s Overall Job Satisfaction: The Alabama Case Paper presented at the Southern Agricultural Economics Association Annual Meeting, Birmingham, Alabama.
Ahn, N., & García, J. R. (2004). Job Satisfaction in Europe. Working Papers. FEDEA.
Al-Zoubi, M. T. (2012). The Shape of the Relationship between Salary and Job Satisfaction: A Field Study. Far East Journal of Psychology and Business, 7(3), 1-12.
Andersen, L. B., & Kjeldsen, A. M. (2010). How public service motivation affects job satisfaction: A question of employment sector or ‘public service jobs’. Paper presented at the EGPA conference, Toulouse.
Andreassi, J. K., Lawter, L., Brockerhoff, M., & Rutigliano, P. (2012). Job Satisfaction Determinants: A Study Across 48 Nations. WCOB Faculty Publications.
Azim, M. T., Haque, M. M., & Chowdhury, R. A. (2013). Gender, Marital Status and Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Study. International Review of Management and Business Research, 2(2), 488-498.
Bender, K. A., Donohuey, S. M., & Heywoodz, J. S. (2005). Job satisfaction and gender segregation. Oxford Economic Papers 57, 479–496.
Blanchflower, D. G., & Oswald, A. J. (1999). Well-Being, Insecurity and the Decline of American Job Satisfaction. University of Warwick.
Blanchflower, D. G., & Oswald, A. J. (2004). Well-being over time in Britain and the USA. Journal of Public Economics, 88, 1359-1386.
Booth, A. L., & Ours, J. C. v. (2008). Job Satisfaction and Family Happiness: The Part-Time Work Puzzle. The Economic Journal, 118, F77–F99.
Brown, G. D. A., Gardner, J., Oswald, A., & Qian, J. (2005). Does Wage Rank Affect Employees’ Wellbeing? Institute for the Study of Labor.
Clark, A. (1997). Job satisfaction and gender: Why are women so happy at work? Labour Economics, 4 (4), 341–372.
Clark, A., & Oswald, A. (1995). Satisfaction and comparison income. DELTA and London School of Economics.
Clark, A., Oswald, A., & Warr, P. (1996). Is job satisfaction U-shaped in age? Journal of Occupational and Organtzational Psychology 69, 57-81.
Dekel, E., & Pauzner, A. (2011). Job satisfaction and the wage gap. Northwestern University and and Tel Aviv University.
Durst, S. L., & DeSantis, V. S. (1997). The Determinants of Job Satisfaction among Federal, State, and Local Government Employees. State & Local Government Review, 29(1), 7-16.
Farooq, S., Ahmed, U., & Ali, R. (2008). Education, Underemployment, and Job Satisfaction. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 1, 83-91.
Fiorillo, D., & Nappo, N. (2011). Job satisfaction in Italy: Individual characteristics and social relations.
Gamboa, L. F., García-Suaza, A., & Rodríguez-Acosta, M. (2011). Job Satisfaction in a Developing Country: Exploring the Work-Family Rivalry. Serie Documentos De Trabajo.
Gazioğlu, Ş., & Tansel, A. (2002). Job Satisfaction in Britain: Individual and Job Related Factors. ERC Working Papers in Economics, 3(3), 1-15.
Gebremichael, H., & Rao, B. V. P. (2013). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment between academic staff and supporting staff (wolaita sodo university –Ethiopia as a case) Far East Journal of Psychology and Business, 11(1), 11-32.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2009). Factor Analysis. In J. F. Hair, W. C. Black, B. J. Babin & R. E. Anderson (Eds.), Multivariate Data Analysis (Seventh ed.).
Israel, G. D. (1992). Determining Sample Size Agricultural Education and Communication Department: UF/IFAS Extension.
Jackman, S. (2000). Models for Ordered Outcomes.
Judge, T. A., Thoresen, C. J., Bono, J. E., & Patton, G. K. (2001). The job satisfaction–job performance relationship: A qualitative and quantitative review. Psychological Bulletin, 127(3), 376-407.
Kalleberg, A. L. (1977). Work Values and Job Rewards: A Theory of Job Satisfaction. American Sociological Review, 42(1), 124-143.
Keller, T. C., Farr, C. A., Kirby, S. D., & Rusco, J. (1997). Housing and Its Influence on Life and Job Satisfaction Among Clergy. Housing and Society, 24(1), 15-34.
Kifle, T., & Kler, P. (2007). Job Satisfaction and Gender Evidence from Australia. School of Economics. University of Queensland.
Kim, P., & Han, J.-H. (2013). Effects of Job Satisfaction on Service Quality, Customer Satisfaction, and Customer Loyalty: The Case of a Local State-Owned Enterprise. Wseas Transactions on Business and Economics, 10(1), 49-68.
Kim, S. (2005). Gender Differences in the Job Satisfaction of Public Employees: A Study of Seoul Metropolitan Government, Korea. Sex Roles, 52(9/10), 667-681.
Kothari, C. R. (2004). Research Methodology: Methods and Techniques (Second Revised Edition ed.): New Age International.
Krishnan, V. (2010). Constructing an Area-based Socioeconomic Index: A Principal Components Analysis Approach. University of Alberta.
Lindner, S. (2014). Ethiopia: Overview of corruption in land administration. Transparency International.
Locke, E. (1996). Motivation through conscious goal setting Applied & Preventive Psychology 5, 117-124.
Locke, E., & Latham, G. (2006). New Directions in Goal-Setting Theory. Association for Psychological Scien, 15, 265-268.
Lunenburg, F. C. (2011). Expectancy Theory of Motivation: Motivating by Altering Expectations. International Journal of Management, Business, and Administration, 15(1), 1-6.
Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and Personality: Harper & Row,Publishers, Inc.
McDuff, E. M. (2001). The Gender Paradox in Work Satisfaction and the Protestant Clergy. Sociology of Relegion, 62(1), 1-21.
Mengesha, G. H., & Common, R. (2006). Civil Service Reform in Ethiopia: Success in two ministries. Research Memorandum.
Mengistu, G. K. (2012). Job Satisfaction of Secondary School Teachers in Ethiopia PhD, University Of South Africa.
Mengistu, M. M., & Bali, A. G. (2015). Factors Associated to Job Satisfaction Among Health care Workers at Public Hospitals of West Shoa Zone, Oromia
Regional State, Ethiopia: A Cross Sectional Study Science Journal of Public Health, 3(2), 161-167.
Mumford, K., & Smith, P. N. (2008). Gender, job satisfaction and relative wages. University of York.
Nuland, J. v. (2007). Job Satisfaction in Germany: The Determinants of Job Satisfaction among German Employees. Master, Maastricht University, Maastricht.
Ondrack, D. A. (1974). Defense mechanisms and the Herzberg theory: An alternate test., 17(1), 79-89. Academy of Management Journal, 17(1), 79-89.
Organ, D. W., & Ryan, K. (1995). A Meta-Analytic Review of Attitudinal and Dispositional Predictors of Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Personnel Psychology, 48(4), 775–802.
Pennings, J. M. (1970). Work-Value Systems of White-Collar Workers. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15 (4), 397-405.
Pouwels, B. J. (2011). Work, family, and happiness Essays on interdependencies within families, life events, and time allocation decisions. PhD, Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht.
Saari, L. M., & Judge, T. A. (2004). Employee Attitudes and Job Satisfaction. Human Resource Management, 43(4), 395–407.
Saleh, S. D., & Otis, J. L. (1964). Age and Level of Job Satisfaction. Personell Psychology, 17, 425-430.
Scott, M., Swortzel, K. A., & Taylor, W. N. (2005). The Relationships between Selected Demographic Factors and the Level of Job Satisfaction of Extension Agents Journal of Southern Agricultural Education Research, 55(1), 102-115.
Spector, P. E. (1992). Summated Rating Scale Construction : An Introduction (Vol. 07-082): Sage Publications.
Vanin, P. (2001). Job Satisfaction and Comparison Income in Germany. Bonn Graduate School of Economics.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2016 Fassil Sisay Yewhala
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
