Comparison of the profitability of conservation and conventional agriculture in Bahi District, Dodoma, Tanzania

Abstract

Conservation agriculture is gaining global recognition as an alternative to conventional farming, offering economic and environmental benefits. However, despite efforts to promote it, many farmers continue to rely on conventional practices. This study was conducted in Bahi district, Dodoma region, Tanzania, to compare the financial performance of conservation and conventional agriculture. The research evaluated financial returns, profitability, crop yields, income, and input costs associated with both practices. Using a mix of purposive and random sampling techniques, data were analyzed through descriptive statistics, Return on Investment (ROI), Gross Profit Margin (GPM), and content analysis. Results showed that conservation agriculture yielded higher profitability, with an ROI of 189% and a GPM of 65% per hectare, compared to conventional agriculture's 34% ROI and 25% GPM. Despite Conservation Agriculture having more benefits, some farmers have continued to use conventional agriculture due to various barriers including financial constraints, limited exposure, knowledge gaps, inadequate agricultural inputs, drought, pest and disease issues, and market unavailability. Additionally, the labor-intensive nature of farm preparation and the lack of farm instruments further hinder adoption. To enhance the adoption of conservation agriculture, the study recommends collaboration among the government, agricultural research institutions, and project implementers to address key challenges. Specifically, efforts should focus on improving access to agricultural loans to overcome financial barriers, raising awareness through training programs, ensuring the availability of agricultural inputs, and developing innovations to simplify CA processes.